Expandable intervertebral implant, system, kit and method

ABSTRACT

An implant includes a first plate and a second plate, a first wedge member and a second wedge member spaced from the first wedge member that couple the first and second plates together. The first and second wedge members configured to translate along the first and second plates from a first contracted configuration into a second expanded configuration. The implant includes an actuation member coupled to the first wedge member and the second wedge member. The actuating member defines a flange extending toward the first and second plates. The actuation member configured to move the first and second wedge members from the first contracted configuration into the second expanded configuration so that the first and second plates separate from each other.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,264 filed Mar. 6, 2015, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an expandable intervertebral implant, system, kit and method.

BACKGROUND

Removal of an intervertebral disc is often desired if the disc degenerates. Spinal fusion may be used to treat such a condition and involves replacing a degenerative disc with a device such as a cage or other spacer that restores the height of the disc space and allows bone growth through the device to fuse the adjacent vertebrae. Spinal fusion attempts to restore normal spinal alignment, stabilize the spinal segment for proper fusion, create an optimal fusion environment, and allows for early active mobilization by minimizing damage to spinal vasculature, dura, and neural elements. When spinal fusion meets these objectives, healing quickens and patient function, comfort and mobility improve. Spacer devices that are impacted into the disc space and allow growth of bone from adjacent vertebral bodies through the upper and lower surfaces of the implant are known in the art. Yet there continues to be a need for devices that minimize procedural invasiveness yet stabilize the spinal segment and create an optimum space for spinal fusion.

SUMMARY

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an expandable implant is configured for insertion into an intervertebral space that is defined between a first vertebral body and a second vertebral body. The implant can include a first bone contacting surface and a second bone contacting surface opposite the first bone contacting surface along a transverse direction. The implant can further include an insertion end and a trailing end opposite the insertion end along a longitudinal direction that is perpendicular to the transverse direction. The implant can further include first and second side surfaces opposite each other along a lateral direction that is perpendicular to both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. The implant can further include a first intermediate surface that extends between the first side surface and the first bone contacting surface, wherein the first intermediate surface is oblique to each of the first side surface and the first bone contacting surface. The implant can further include a second intermediate surface that extends between the second side surface and the second bone contacting surface, wherein the second intermediate surface is oblique to each of the first side surface and the first bone contacting surface. The first and second bone contacting surfaces can be movable away from each other from a collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the intervertebral implant of the present application, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustrating the expandable intervertebral implant of the present application, there is shown in the drawings illustrative embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates an implant positioned between vertebral bodies, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the implant shown in FIG. 1 in a collapsed configuration;

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the implant shown in FIG. 1 in an expanded configuration;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the implant shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the interior surface of a plate of the implant shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4B is side view of a plate of the implant shown in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C is a bottom plan view of a plate of the implant shown in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4D is a top plan view of the plate of the implant shown in FIG. 4C;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a wedge member of the implant shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 5B is a side view of the wedge member illustrated in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C is an end view of the wedge member illustrated in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5D is another end view of the wedge member illustrated in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the actuation member of the implant shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 6B is a side view of the actuation member of the implant shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 6C is a perspective view of an actuation member in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7A is a sectional view of the implant of FIG. 2A taken along line 7A-7A, illustrating the implant in the collapsed configuration;

FIG. 7B is a sectional view of the implant of FIG. 2B taken along line 7B-7B, illustrating the implant in the expanded configuration;

FIG. 8A is a perspective view of an insertion tool used to insert the implant shown in FIG. 1 into an intervertebral space;

FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a tool engaged with the trailing end of the implant shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 8C is a side view of a tool according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8D is a partial perspective view of an implant supporting end of a tool shown in FIG. 8C;

FIG. 8E is a partial perspective view of the tool shown in FIG. 8D supporting an implant;

FIG. 8F is another partial perspective view of the tool shown in FIG. 8E;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an implant similar to the implant illustrated in FIG. 1 , but configured to be inserted into an intervertebral space in a first orientation, and subsequently rotated to a second orientation, showing the implant

FIG. 9B is another perspective view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10A is an exploded perspective view of the implant shown in FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10B is a sectional side elevation view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 10A, shown in the collapsed configuration;

FIG. 10C is a sectional side elevation view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 10A, shown in the expanded configuration;

FIG. 11A is an end elevation view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 9A, shown inserted into an intervertebral space in a first orientation and in the collapsed configuration;

FIG. 11B is an end elevation view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 11A, but shown rotated from the first orientation to an intermediate orientation;

FIG. 11C is an end elevation view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 11B, but shown rotated from the intermediate orientation to a second orientation;

FIG. 11D is an end elevation view of the implant illustrated in FIG. 11C, but shown in the expanded configuration;

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view an implant according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a wedge member of the implant shown in FIG. 12 ;

FIG. 13B is a side view of the wedge member of the implant shown in FIG. 13A;

FIG. 14A is a perspective view of a plate of the implant shown in FIG. 12 ; and

FIG. 14B is an inferior plan view of the plate shown in FIG. 14A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1 , a superior vertebral body 2 and an adjacent inferior vertebral body 4 defines an intervertebral space 9 extending between the vertebral bodies 2 and 4. The superior vertebral body 2 defines superior vertebral surface 6, and the adjacent inferior vertebral body 4 defines an inferior vertebral surface 8. The vertebral bodies 2 and 4 can be anatomically adjacent, or remaining vertebral bodies after a vertebral body has been removed from a location between the vertebral bodies 2 and 4. The intervertebral space 9 in FIG. 1 is illustrated after a discectomy, whereby the disc material has been removed or at least partially removed to prepare the intervertebral space 9 to receive an intervertebral implant or implant 10, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2B. The inserted and expanded implant 10 can achieve appropriate height restoration. The intervertebral space 9 can be disposed anywhere along the spine as desired, including at the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical regions of the spine.

Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words “right”, “left”, “lower” and “upper” designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “inner” or “distal” and “outer” or “proximal” refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the implant and related parts thereof. The words, “anterior”, “posterior”, “superior,” “inferior,” “medial,” “lateral,” and related words and/or phrases are used to designate various positions and orientations in the human body to which reference is made and are not meant to be limiting. The terminology includes the above-listed words, derivatives thereof and words of similar import.

The implant 10 is described herein as extending horizontally along a longitudinal direction “L” and a lateral direction “A”, and transversely along a transverse direction “T”. Unless otherwise specified herein, the terms “longitudinal,” “lateral,” and “transverse” are used to describe the orthogonal directional components of various implant components and implant component axes. The longitudinal direction L can be perpendicular to the transverse direction T. The lateral direction A can be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L and the transverse direction T. It should be appreciated that while the longitudinal and lateral directions are illustrated as extending along horizontal directions, and that the transverse direction is illustrated as extending along a vertical direction, the directions may differ during use depending on the orientation of the implant. For instance, when the implant 10 is inserted into an intervertebral space, such as the intervertebral space 9, the transverse direction T extends transversely generally along the superior-inferior (or caudal-cranial) direction, while the horizontal plane defined by the longitudinal direction L and lateral direction A lies generally in the anatomical plane defined by the anterior-posterior direction, and the medial-lateral direction.

Referring to FIGS. 1-3 , the expandable intervertebral implant or implant 10 defines an implant body 13 that defines a distal or insertion end 12 and a proximal or trailing end 14 that is spaced from and opposite the insertion end 12 along an implant axis 1. The implant axis 1 can extend along the longitudinal direction L or any other linear or nonlinear direction as desired. The implant 10 is designed and configured to be inserted into an intervertebral space in a direction from the trailing end 14 toward the insertion end 12, also referred to herein as an insertion direction. The insertion direction can also be oriented along the longitudinal direction L. The trailing end 14 is configured to couple with one or more insertion instruments, which are configured to support and carry the implant 10 into the intervertebral space 9, and/or actuate the implant 10 from a collapsed configuration C shown in FIG. 2A into an expanded configuration E shown in FIG. 2B. The implant 10 can also extend between an upper or first bone-contacting surface 32 and a lower or second bone contacting surface 132 spaced from the first bone-contacting surface along the transverse direction T. The first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 are configured to engage the first and second vertebral bodies 2 and 4, respectively. Each of the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 can be convex or partially convex, for instance, one portion of the surface is convex while another portion can be planar. The bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 can also define a texture 41, such as spikes, ridges, cones, barbs, indentations, or knurls, which are configured to engage the vertebral bodies 2 and 4, respectively, when the implant 10 is inserted into the intervertebral space 9. The bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 may be partially textured. For instance, the bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 can include specific patterns of textured and non-textured portions. As used herein, the term “proximal” and derivatives thereof refer to a direction from the distal or insertion end 12 toward the proximal end 14. As used herein, the term “distal” and derivatives thereof refer to a direction from the proximal end 14 toward the insertion end 12. As used herein, the term “superior” and derivatives thereof refer to a direction from the bone contact surface 132 toward the first bone-contacting surface 32. As used herein, the term “inferior” and derivatives thereof refer to a direction from the upper or first bone-contacting surface 32 toward the lower or second bone contacting surface 132.

Continuing with FIGS. 1-3 , the implant 10 includes a first or superior plate 18, a second or inferior plate 20 opposing the superior plate 18 along the transverse direction T, and a pair of wedge members. The pair of wedge members include a first wedge member 22 and a second wedge member 24 that couple to the superior plate 18 to the inferior plate 20. The first and second wedge members 22 and 24 are translatable along the longitudinal direction or the implant axis 1 so as separate the superior plate 18 from the inferior plate 20 along the transverse direction T. The implant 10 can include an actuation member 26 coupled to the first wedge member 22 and the second wedge member 24. The actuation member 26 has a flange 28 protruding from the actuation member 26 along the transverse direction T toward the superior plate 18 and the inferior plate 20. The superior plate 18 can define a first lumen 30 and the inferior plate 20 can define a second lumen 31 aligned with and opposite to the first lumen 30. The implant 10 is configured such that when the implant 10 is in the collapsed configuration C shown in FIG. 2A, a portion of first wedge member 22 and the second wedge member 24 are disposed at least partially in the first lumen 30 and the second lumen 31. The implant plates and/or wedge members can be formed of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or any other suitable biocompatible polymeric material. The actuation member 26 can formed from a biocompatible polymeric material or metallic alloy, such as titanium or steel. It should appreciated that the any suitable material can be used to form the implant components as described herein. For instance, an entirety of the implant can be made from a titanium alloy. For instance, an entirety of the implant can be made from a titanium-aluminium-niobium (TAN) alloy.

Referring to FIGS. 3-4D, the superior plate 18 is configured for coupling with the first wedge member 22, the second wedge member 24, and at least a portion of the actuation member 26, for support on the flange 28. The superior plate body 17 can define a cavity 42 configured to carry the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 are the actuation member 26. The superior plate 18 defines a first or superior plate body 17 that extends between the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14 along the longitudinal direction L. The superior plate body 17 defines the first bone-contacting surface 32, and first and second interior plate contact surfaces 34 and 38 spaced from the bone-contacting surface 32 along the transverse direction T. The superior plate body 17 also defines first and second ramp surfaces 44 and 46 spaced from the bone contacting surface 32 along the transverse direction T. The superior plate body 17 further defines a first side surface 33 a and a second side surface 33 b opposite the first side surface 33 a. The first and second side surfaces 33 a and 33 b extend between the bone-contacting surface 32 and respective interior plate contact surfaces 34 and 38 along the transverse direction T. The plate body 17 also defines a first transverse surface 37 and a second transverse surface 39 that extend from the ramp surfaces 44 and 46 to respective interior plate contact surfaces 34 and 38 along the transverse direction T. The plate body 17 thus defines a first sidewall 36 and a second sidewall 40 spaced from the first sidewall 36 along the lateral direction A. Specifically, the first sidewall 36 defines the first side surface 33 a and the first transverse surface 37 that is spaced from the first side surface 33 a along the lateral direction A. The first sidewall 36 further defines the first interior plate contact surface 34 that is spaced from the first and second ramp surfaces 44 and 46 along the transverse direction T. The second sidewall 40 defines the second side surface 33 b and the second transverse surface 39 that is spaced from the second side surface 33 b along the lateral direction A. The second sidewall 40 further defines the second interior plate contact surface 38 that is spaced from the first and second ramp surfaces 44 and 46 along the transverse direction T. As illustrated, the cavity 42 extends along the longitudinal direction L of the plate body 17 and along the lateral direction A between the opposed first and second sidewalls 36 and 40. The first lumen 30 is in communication with the cavity 42 as detailed below. In the embodiment shown, the first and second sidewalls 36 and 40 converge with the bone contacting surface 32 to form a tapered insertion end 16 (FIG. 2A).

Continuing with FIGS. 3-4D, the first and second sidewalls 36 and 40 are configured to couple to the first and second wedge members 22 and 24. The first sidewall 36 can define at least one slot, for instance a first slot 52 for receiving a portion of the flange 28 of the actuation member 26. The first slot 52 is disposed in the first sidewall 36 at a location between the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14 of the plate body 17. The second sidewall 40 can define at least one or second slot 54 for receiving another portion of the flange 28 of the actuation member 26. The second slot 54 is disposed in the first sidewall 36 at a location between the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14 of the plate body 17. The second slot 54 is aligned, for instance laterally aligned, with and opposing the first slot 52 such that each slot 52 and 54 is positioned to receive a portion of the flange 28. The first and second slots 52 and 54 are also configured to mate with the structure of the flange 28. For instance, the first and second slots have an inner profile that is curvilinear and corresponds to the curvilinear profile of the flange 28. In other alternate embodiments, the first and second slots 52 and 54 may have a rectilinear shape. It should be appreciated that the slots 52 and 54 may have any desired shape that can slidingly receive a portion of the flange 28. For example, if the flange 28 has a square profile, the slots 52 and 54 can be configured to mate with the square shaped flange. In alternate embodiments, the first and second wall 36 and 40 can include a plurality of spaced slots spaced apart along the longitudinal direction L and disposed on the first and second sidewalls 36 and 40 to receive a corresponding number of flanges or flanges portions protruding from the actuation member 26. For example, the first and second walls may include slots 52 and 54, and additional slots 52L and 54L (not shown) spaced apart from the slots 52 and 54 along the longitudinal direction (the longitudinal direction L).

The plate body 17, or for instance the first and second sidewalls 36 and 40, can define one or more projections 56 and 58 that protrude from respective first and second inner surfaces of the first and second sidewalls 36 and 40 along the lateral direction A. The inner surfaces of the sidewalls 36 and 40 are opposite the respective first and second side surfaces 33 a and 33 b. The projections 56 and 58 are configured to engage a portion of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 as further detailed below. In particular, the first sidewall 36 can define a first set of projections 56 that extend from the first inner surface of the first sidewall 36 along the lateral direction A into the cavity 42. The first set of projections 56 can include a first wall projection 56 a and a second wall projection 56 b spaced proximally from the first wall projection 56 a along the longitudinal direction L. In the illustrated embodiment, the first slot 52 separates the first wall projection 56 a from the second wall projection 56 a. The second sidewall 40 can define a second set of wall projections 58 that extend from the second inner surface of the second sidewall 40 along the lateral direction A into the cavity 42. The second set of projections 58 can include a third wall projection 58 a and a fourth wall projection 58 b spaced proximally from the third projection 58 a along the longitudinal direction L. In the illustrated embodiment, slot 54 separates the third wall projection 58 a from the fourth wall projection 58 b. While each wall 36 and 40 is illustrated has having two projections, each wall 36 and 40 can have a single projection, or more than two projections.

The plate body 17, for instance the first and second sidewalls 36 and 40, can further define set of inclined connection grooves 60 and 62 configured to receive a portion of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24. The wall projections 56 and 58 protrude from respective walls 36 and 40 along the lateral direction A, as discussed above. The wall projections 56 and 58 are also spaced from the respective first and second ramp surfaces 44 and 46 along the transverse direction T to define the sets of inclined connection grooves 60 and 62. The first set of projections 56 a and 56 b extend from the first sidewall 36 so as to define first and second inclined connection grooves 60 a and 60 b respectively (FIG. 4A). The second connecting groove 60 b is proximal disposed relative to the first connection groove 60 a. The slot 52 is disposed between the first and second inclined connection grooves 60 a and 60 b. The second set of projections 58 a and 58 b extend from the first wall 40 to define third and fourth inclined connection grooves 62 a and 62 b, respectively. The fourth connection groove 62 b is proximal to the third inclined connection groove 62 a. The slot 54 is disposed between the inclined connection grooves 62 a and 62 b. The first and third projections 56 a and 58 a can also be referred to as the distally positioned projections, while the second and fourth projections 56 b and 58 b can be referred to as proximally positioned projections. Further, the first and third inclined connection grooves 60 a and 62 a can be referred to as the distally positioned connection grooves, while the second and fourth inclined connection grooves 60 b and 62 b can be referred to as the proximally positioned connection grooves.

Each opposing inclined connection grooves 60 and 62 extends from the lumen 30 toward the opposing implant or implant ends 12 and 14 along the longitudinal direction L. The plate body 17 can define a lumen first perimeter portion 68 and an opposing lumen second perimeter portion 69 that is spaced from the first perimeter portion 68 along the first lumen axis 85. Lumen perimeter portion 69 is disposed proximally toward the trailing end 14 of the implant 10 and lumen perimeter portion 68 is disposed distally toward the insertion end 12 of the implant 10. The distally positioned grooves 60 a and 62 a extend distally from the first perimeter portion 68 of the lumen 30 toward the plate insertion end 12, while the proximally positioned grooves 60 b and 62 b extend proximally from the second perimeter portion 69 of the lumen 30 toward the trailing end 14. The inclined connection grooves 60 and 62 can thus slidably receive therein the ridges 82 and 182 of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24.

Continuing with FIGS. 3-4C, the plate body 17 defines ramp surfaces 44 and 46, for instance a first ramp surface 44 and a second ramp surface 46 that are configured to mate with and slide along portions of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24. The first ramp surface 44 extends from the first perimeter portion 68 of the lumen 30 distally generally along the longitudinal direction L to the insertion end 12. The ramp surface 44 is inclined to abut and slidingly receive a portion of the second wedge member 24. The second ramp surface 46 extends from the second perimeter portion 69 of the lumen 30 proximally along the longitudinal direction L toward the trailing end 14. The ramps surfaces 44 and 46 also extend laterally along the lateral direction A between the opposing first and second plate walls 36 and 40. Each ramp surface 44 and 46 can define a ramp angle β (not shown) defined with respect to interior plate contact surfaces 34 and 38. It should be appreciated that the angle β can vary as needed. The plate body 17 can also define a curvilinear portion 48 disposed at the trailing end 14 of the plate body 17 and in communication with the second ramp surface 46. The curvilinear portion 48 is configured align with a corresponding curvilinear portion 148 on the inferior plate 20. When the plates 18 and 20 are in the collapsed configuration as shown in FIGS. 2A and 7A, the curvilinear portions 48 and 148 define an access opening 50. The access opening 50 that provides access the actuation member 26, as further detailed below.

Continuing with FIGS. 3-4D, the superior plate 18 can include one or more radiographic markers. The plate body 17 can define one or more bores (not shown) sized and dimensioned to receive a radiographic marker 70 a therein. As illustrated, the radiographic marker 70 a is disposed in the second sidewall 40 and positioned toward insertion end 12 of the plate 18. The opposing plate 20 can have a radiographic marker 170 a as well. When the implant 10 is inserted into the intervertebral space 9, and the implant 10 is expanded from the first configuration C to the expanded configuration E, the markers 70 a and 170 a can separate along the transverse direction T. With image analysis, the extent of plate separation can be determined or indicated by observing the extent of separation between the markers 70 a and 170 a disposed in the superior plate 18 compared to marker disposed in the inferior plate 20.

The inferior plate 20 is configured similarly to the superior plate 18. The inferior plate 20 thus includes similar structural features that correspond to the structural features described above with respect to the superior plate 18. The inferior or second plate 20 defines a plate body 21 that extends between the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14 along the longitudinal direction L. The inferior plate body 21 defines a second bone contacting surface 132, first and second interior plate contact surfaces 134 and 138 spaced from the bone contacting surfaces 32 along the transverse direction T, and first and second ramp surfaces 144 and 146 spaced from the bone contacting surfaces 32 along the transverse direction T. The inferior plate body 21 therefore defines define cavity 142, first and second sidewalls 136 and 140, a first set of projections 156 a-b, a second set of projections 158 a-b, and inclined connection grooves 160 a-b, 162 a-b.

The inferior plate body 21 further defines a first side surface 133 a and a second side surface 133 b opposite the first side surface 133 a. The first and second side surfaces 133 a and 133 b extend between the second bone-contacting surface 132 and the first and second interior plate contact surfaces 134 and 138 along the transverse direction T. The inferior plate body 21 also defines a first transverse surface 137 and a second transverse surface 139 that extend from the ramp surfaces 144 and 146 to respective first and second interior plate contact surfaces 134 and 138 along the direction V. The plate body 21 thus defines the first sidewall 136 and the second sidewall 140 that is spaced from the first sidewall 136 along the lateral direction A. Specifically, the first sidewall 136 defines the first side surface 133 a and the first transverse surface 137 that is spaced from the first side surface 133 a along the lateral direction A. The first sidewall 136 further defines the first interior plate contact surface 134 that is spaced from the first and second ramp surfaces 144 and 146 along the transverse direction T. The second sidewall 140 defines the second side surface 133 b and the second transverse surface 139 that is spaced from the second side surface 133 b along the lateral direction A. The second sidewall 140 further defines the second interior plate contact surface 138 that is spaced from the first and second ramp surfaces 144 and 146 along the transverse direction T. As illustrated, the cavity 142 extends along the longitudinal direction L of the plate body 21 and along the lateral direction A between the opposed first and second sidewalls 136 and 140. In the embodiment shown, the first and second sidewalls 136 and 140 converge toward the bone contacting surface 132 to form a tapered insertion end 16.

The first and second interior plate contact surfaces 134 and 138 of the inferior plate 20 are configured to oppose and contact the first and second interior contact surfaces 34 and 38, respectively, of the superior plate 18. The superior plate 18 and inferior plate 20 can define opposing indentations 98 and 99 at the trailing end 14 of the implant 10. The indentations 98 and 99 are configured to receive a portion of an insertion tool 100 and 300 (FIG. 8A-8F). Further, the first side surface 33 a and the first side surface 133 a can be disposed at a first side of the implant, and the second side surface 33 b and the second side surface 133 b can be disposed at a second side of the implant opposite the first side with respect to the lateral direction A. For instance, the first side surface 33 a and the side first surface 133 a can be inline with each other along the transverse direction T, and the second side surface 33 b and the second side surface 133 b can be inline with each other along the transverse direction T.

The first and second plates 18 and 20 can also define the respective first and second lumens 30 and 31 as discussed above. Each lumen 30 and 31 has been configured to receive at least a portion of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 to maximize the compact design and the expansion characteristics of the implant 10. The lumens 30 and 31 partially receiving portions of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 when the implant 10 is in the collapsed configuration C (FIG. 2A), which allows for the dimensions of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 to be increased over wedge members used in implants with lumens not configured to permit a portion of the wedge member to extend therethrough. Further, the configured first and second wedge members 22 and 24 can improve implant 10 stability when expanded. Thus, the implant 10 has a collapsed configuration that is compact and less invasive, and an expanded configuration that is dimensionally stable. The lumens 30 and 31 have the additional benefit of promoting bone growth when implanted in the intervertebral space 9. The first lumen 30 and second 31 are generally elongate in the longitudinal direction L. The lumens 30 and 31 can have other shapes, for instance the lumens can be circular (FIGS. 9-11B). The lumen 30 extends through the superior plate body 17 along the transverse direction T into communication with the cavity 42. Likewise, the second lumen extends through the second or inferior plate body 21 into communication with the cavity 142. The superior plate body 17 can define a lumen axis 85 that extends along the longitudinal direction L of plate body 17. The lumen axis 85 is aligned with the bone-contacting surface 32 or at leady portion thereof, for instance the lumen axis 85 is spaced from the implant axis 1 along the transverse direction T with a portion of the bone-contacting surface 32. The plate body 17 can also define a lumen first perimeter portion 68 and an opposing lumen second perimeter portion 69 that is spaced from the first perimeter portion 68 along the first lumen axis 85. Lumen perimeter portion 68 is disposed proximally toward the implant trailing end 14 and lumen perimeter portion 69 is disposed distally toward the implant insertion end 12. Likewise, the inferior plate body 21 can define a second lumen axis 85 a (not shown) that extends along the longitudinal direction L of plate body 21 and is aligned along the transverse direction T with bone contacting surface 132. The plate body 21 can also define a lumen first perimeter portion 168 and an opposing lumen second perimeter portion 169 that is spaced from the first perimeter portion 168 along the second lumen axis 85 a. Lumen perimeter portion 168 is disposed proximally toward the trailing end 14 and lumen perimeter portion 169 is disposed distally toward the implant insertion end 12.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 5A-5D, the first wedge member 22 and the second wedge member 24 are configured for slidable coupling to the superior and inferior plates 18 and 20. The first and second wedge members 22 and 24 are configured similarly, and for illustrative purposes, only the first wedge member 22 will be described below. The first wedge member 22 defines a wedge body 74 extending along a wedge axis 3 between a narrow end 75 and an inner end 76 spaced from the narrow end 75. The wedge axis 3 is generally aligned with the implant axis 1 and extends along the longitudinal direction L. As show in FIGS. 3 and 7A, the first wedge narrow end 75 is positioned toward the outer or trailing end 14 of the implant 10, while the inner end 76 is positioned to face the distal or insertion end 12 of the implant 10. Further, the second wedge member 24 has a wedge body 174 that extends from a narrow end 175 to an inner end 176 along the wedge axis 3, wherein the narrow end 175 is positioned toward the distal or insertion end 12 of the implant 10 and the inner end 176 is positioned toward the proximal or trailing end 14 of the implant. Thus, the first wedge member 22 is positioned such that the inner end 76 of the first wedge member 22 and faces the inner end 176 of the second wedge member 24.

The body 74 defines a superior tip 76 s spaced from an inferior tip 76 i along a transverse direction T and disposed at the inner end 76. A first or inner wedge dimension H1 is defined as the distance between the superior and inferior tips 76 s and 76 i along the transverse direction T. The plate body 17 can define first plate dimension L51 extending between the bone contacting surface 32 and the interior contact surfaces 34 and 38, while the plate body 21 can define a second plate dimension 52 extending between the bone contacting surface 132 and the inner surfaces 134 and 138. In an embodiment, the first or inner wedge dimension H1 is about twice the distance of the first plate dimension S. In an embodiment, the first or inner wedge dimension H1 can be greater than or equal to the sum of the first plate dimension S and the second plate dimension 52. In an embodiment, the first or inner wedge dimension H1 can be less than or equal to sum of the first plate dimension Si and second plate dimension 52.

The body 74 defines a wedge shape configured for slidable coupling to the first and second plates 18 and 20. The body 74 defines a first or superior inclined surface 77 and a second inclined or inferior inclined surface 78 opposite the first incline surface 77. The first and second inclined surfaces 77 and 78 extend along the longitudinal direction L from the inner end 76 toward the narrow end 75. The first inclined surface 77 is angularly offset from a second inclined surface 78. In an embodiment, the first and second inclined surfaces form an angle θ defined between intersecting lines coincident with the first and second inclined surfaces 77 and 78 (FIG. 5B). Angle θ can vary as needed. The first inclined surface 77 can slidably mate with a ramp surface 46 on an interior the superior plate 18, while the second inclined surface 78 can slidably mate with a first ramp surface 146 on of the inferior plate 20. The body further defines a first side 79 and a second side 80 opposite the first side 79. The first and second sides 79 and 80 extend along the longitudinal direction L between the inner end 76 and the narrow end 75, and transversely along the transverse direction T between the first and second inclined surfaces 77 and 78.

The first wedge member 22 also includes one or more ridges 82 (82 a-d) protruding from the body 74 along the lateral direction A. The ridges 82 are configured to couple the first wedge member 22 to the superior plate 18 and inferior plate 20. For instance, the one or more ridges 82 are slidably coupled to respective portions of the inclined connections grooves 60, 62, 160, 162. Each ridge 82 a-82 d extends between the narrow end 75 and the inner end 76 of the body 74 generally along the wedge axis 3. Ridges 82 a-82 d also extend along the respective first and second inclined surfaces 77 and 78. Ridges 82 a and 82 c are angled only offset action angle with respect to ridges 82 b and 82 d. The transversely spaced apart ridges 82 c and 82 d disposed on the first side 79 of the body 74 can define a recess portion 86 which can receive the distally oriented projections 56 b and 156 b of the plates 18 and 20, respectively. The transversely spaced apart ridges 82 a and 82 b are disposed on the side 80 define recess portion 84 which receives the distally oriented projections 58 b and 158 b of the plate 18 and 20. The laterally spaced apart ridges 82 a and 82 c are received in the inclined connection grooves 60 b and 62 b of the superior plate. The other laterally spaced apart ridges 82 b and 82 d are received in the inclined connection grooves 160 b and 162 b of the inferior plate 20 (FIG. 3 ).

The wedge member body 74 also defines first bore 81 extending through the body 74 between the narrow end 75 and the inner end 76 along the wedge axis 3. The first bore 81 is configured to receive at least a portion of the actuation member 26. In an embodiment, the bore 81 is internally threaded to mate with a corresponding threaded portion of the actuation member 26. Further, the wedge member body 74 includes an additional bore or receiving a radiographic marker 70 b therein.

The second wedge member 24 is configured similarly to the first wedge member 22. The second wedge member 24 defines a second body 174. The body 174 defines a narrow end 175 spaced apart from an inner end 176 along the wedge axis 3, first and second inclined surfaces 177 and 178, a plurality of ridges 182 extending from body 174, and a second bore 181 extending through the body 174 between the narrow and inner ends 175 and 176. The first and second sides 179 and 180 extend between the inclined surfaces 177 and 178. The body 174, for instance the body inner end 176 defines a superior tip 176, spaced apart from an inferior tip 176 i along a transverse direction T. The second wedge member has a wedge dimension H2 (not shown) defined as the distance between the superior tip 176 s and the inferior tip 176 i. H2 can be equal to H1. As shown in FIG. 3 , the second wedge member 24 is spaced apart from the first wedge member 22 along the longitudinal direction L such that the inner end 175 of the second wedge member 24 faces the inner end 75 of the first wedge member 22. The second wedge member 24 also includes ridges 182 a-182 d that are similar to ridges 82 a and 82 d.

Continuing with FIGS. 6A-6C, the actuation member 26 is configured to couple the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 together while also providing stability to the superior plate 18 and inferior plate 20 during implant expansion. The actuation member 26 extends along the longitudinal direction L between a distal end 27 i and a proximal end 27 e. The actuation member 26 defines a shaft 87 extending between the opposed ends 27 i and 27 e. The shaft 87 can be threaded. For instance, the shaft 87 can define exterior threads. The flange 28 protrudes from the shaft 87 along the lateral A or a radial direction R. The flange 28 defines a flange body 28 b, a distal facing surface 29 d and a proximal facing surface 29 p spaced from the distal facing surface 29 d along the longitudinal direction L. The flange body 28 b is sized and dimensioned to slide within the slots 52 and 54 of plate 18, and slots 152 and 154 of the plate 20. The radial direction R can be aligned with the lateral direction A and the transverse direction T and is used to indicate that the flange 28 protrudes radially from the shaft 87. The flange 28 can have other configurations, and as such Cartesian coordinates may better indicate directional components.

The shaft 87 can define a first threaded portion 88 disposed proximally relative to the flange 28, and a second threaded portion 89 disposed distally from the flange 28. The first shaft portion 88 can have a length L1 extending from the flange proximal face 29 p to the proximal end 27 e, and the second threaded portion 89 has a second length L2 extending from the flange distal face 29 d to the distal end 27 i, wherein the first length L1 is greater than the second length L2. The shaft 87 is configured to extend through the bore 81 of the first wedge member 22 and into the curvilinear portions 48 and 148 or access opening 50 of the plates. The first threaded portion 88 has a thread pattern that is oriented in the opposite direction of the thread pattern formed on the second threaded portion 89. The internal threads of the first and second bores 81 and 181 are in opposing orientations such that when the actuation member 26 rotates, the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 translate along the actuation member 26 toward each other or away from each depending on the rotation direction of the actuation member 26. The thread pattern on each portion may have the same pitch such that the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 can translate along the actuation member 26 at the same rate. The thread pitch can be different if needed when different distraction profiles are desired in the expanded configuration (e.g. kyphotic or lordotic). The proximal end 27 e of the actuation member 26 can define a lip 94 configured to abut the narrow end 75 of the first wedge member 22. The lip 94 and can help prevent displacement of the actuation member 26 from the first wedge member 22. The proximal end 27 e of the actuation member 26 can define a socket 90 configured to receive or support a portion of an instrument, as further detailed below. The socket 90 can have any configuration as need to receive an instrument, such as hex, Phillips, flat, star, etc.

The actuation member 28 can further include a protective shroud 43 that surrounds at least a portion of the flange 28. For instance, the protective shroud 43 can include an inner wall 43 a that faces the flange 28, and an outer wall 43 b that is opposite the inner wall 43 a. The inner wall 43 a can define an opening 45 that extends into the shroud 43 in the lateral direction A, and has a laterally open end 47. Thus, the flange 28 can be inserted into the open end 47 and into the opening along the lateral direction A. The shroud 43 can define a rectangular cross section, or any suitable alternative cross section as desired. The shroud 43 can be dimensioned so as to fit between the first and second wedges 22 and 24 and into the implant plates 18 and 20 as described above with respect to the flange 28. Thus, the flange 28 can be rotatable in the shroud 43 during operation. Alternatively, the shroud 43 can be removed from the flange 28 along the lateral direction A prior to insertion of the flange 28 between the first and second wedges 22 and 24.

The implant 10 as described herein can have initial dimensions and expanded dimensions. For, instance, the implant can have first implant height D1 defined between opposing portions 11 a and 11 b of the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132, and second implant height D2 defined between opposing portions 11 a and 11 b of the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 when the implant is expanded (FIGS. 2A and 2B). In an embodiment, the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 can define a dimension in the lateral direction A as desired, such as between 8 mm and 12 mm. In an embodiment, the first implant height D1 can range between 7 mm and 15 mm, such as between 7 mm and 10 mm, and the second expanded height can range between 10 mm and 20 mm, such as between 10 mm and 13 mm. Thus, the opposed superior and inferior plates can be spaced apart any distance as desired, such as between 3 mm and 5 mm, when the implant is expanded. For instance, in an embodiment, the first height can be 7 mm while the expanded, second height can be 10 mm. In another embodiment, the first height can be 9 mm and the expanded, second height D2 can be 13 mm. Other dimensions are possible as well. For example first heights can be up to 7 mm, 9 mm, or greater. The implant 10 can have length E defined between the distal or insertion end 12 and the proximal or trailing end 14. The length E can range between 24 mm and 32 mm. The length E, however, can be shorter than 24 mm or greater than 32 mm. Further, the implant is configured such the length E of the implant 10 is consistent regardless of when the implant 10 is in the collapsed configuration or when the implant 10 is in the expanded configuration. That is, the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 are configured such the opposed narrow ends 75 and 175 translate to, but do not protrude from the implant trailing end 14 or implant insertion end 12 when in the expanded configuration. This configuration improves implant stability.

Referring to FIGS. 8A-8B, the system as described herein includes one or more insertions tools. An insertion tool 100 can include a handle 105 and a shaft 104 extending from the handle toward an implant supporting end 107. The implant supporting end 107 is configured to support, for instance carry or engage with a portion of the implant 10. The implant supporting end 107 can include spaced apart tabs 101 and 102 configured and sized to be received in the implant indentations 98 and 99. When the implant tabs 101 and 102 engage the indentations 98 and 99, the tool 100 can position and/or insert the implant 10 into the intervertebral space 9. An additional tool 350 can be used to expand the implant 10 from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration. The tool 350 can include a handle 355 and a shaft 354 extending from the handle toward an implant supporting end 357. The implant supporting end 357 is configured to engage the actuation member 26, such that rotation of the tool 350 can cause rotation of the actuation member 56.

Referring to FIGS. 8D-8E, another embodiment a tool 300 can include a handle 302, tool housing 304 connected to the handle 302, and an elongate cannualated shaft 306 extending from the housing 304 toward an implant supporting end 307. The housing 304 and cannualated shaft 306 are elongate along an insertion tool axis 301. The housing 304 and cannualated shaft 306 define a cannulation (not shown) that extends through the housing 304 and shaft 306. The tool 300 also includes rotation member 318 that defines a rotation member 316 and an elongate rod 308 that extends from the rotation member 318 toward an engagement end 310 along the axis 301 as shown in FIG. 8D. The rotation member 318 is rotatable in the cannulation as well as slidable or translatable in the cannulation along the tool axis 301. The tool implant supporting end 307 includes a body 320 and tabs 312 and 314 extending from the body. The engagement end 310 of the rod 308 protrudes from the body 320 and is disposed between the tabs 312 and 314. Tool 300 can be used to clasp, insert, and then expand the implant. The tool 300 can be used clasp the implant 10 by inserting the tabs 312 and 314 into the indentations 98 and 99 while the rotation member 318 can be slide into engagement with the actuation member 26. For instance, the engagement end 310 can be coupled to the opening 90 in the actuation member 26 while tabs 312 and 314 support the implant 10. The rotation member 318 can be rotated relative to the shaft 306 so that the actuation member 26 is rotated.

Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, implant 10 is configured to expand from the collapsed configuration C (FIG. 7A) to the expanded configuration E (FIG. 7B). When the first or collapsed configuration C, the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 are disposed in the implant such that the inner ends 76 and 176 face and are spaced apart from each other to define a gap therebetween. The actuation member 26 is coupled to the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 such that the first threaded portion 88 is disposed in the first bore 81 and the second threaded portion 89 is disposed in the second bore 181. The flange 28 extends between (in the sup) and along the opposed inner ends 76 and 176 of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24. The inclined surfaces 77 and 78 are adjacent to opposing plate ramp surfaces 46 and 146, while the second wedge member 24 inclined surfaces 177 and 178 are adjacent to opposing plate ramp surfaces 44 and 144. The inner end superior tips 76 s and 176 s extend into the lumen 30 and an into a plane containing the bone contacting surface 32, while the inner end tips 76 i and 176 i extend into the second lumen and to a plane containing the bone contacting surface 132. The flange distal face 29 d abuts the inner end 176 of the second wedge member 24, while the flange proximal face 29 p abuts the inner end 76 of the first wedge member 22. Portions of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24, for instance tips 76 s-i and 176 s-i, disposed in the lumens 30 and 31 allows for a wedge profile that aids plates 18 and 20 separation with relatively little advancement of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 along the actuation member 26. For instance, the superior tips 76 s and 176 s extend to, for instance traverse, the first lumen axis 85 such that the tips are generally aligned with the bone contact surface 32 of the superior plate 18. The inferior tips 76 i and 176 i extend to, for instance traverse, the second lumen axis 85 a such that the tips 76 i and 176 i are generally aligned with the bone contact surface 132 of the inferior plate 20.

Turning to FIGS. 7B and 8A-8F, when the actuation member 26 is rotated for via a tool 150 or 350, the first threaded portion 88 of the actuation member 26 causes the first wedge member 22 to translate toward the trailing end 14 of the implant 10. The inclined surfaces 77 and 78 bears against the ramp surfaces 46 and 146 to separate the superior plate 18 from the inferior plate 20 along the transverse direction. The ridges 82 a-d slide along inclined connection grooves 60 b, 160 b, 62 b, 162 b (not shown in the FIG. 7B). While the first wedge member 22 is translating toward the implant trailing end 14, the second threaded portion 89 of the actuation member 26 engages the second bore 181 and causes the second wedge member 24 to translate toward the insertion end 12 of the implant 10. The inclined surfaces 177 and 178 of the second wedge member 24 slide along the ramp surfaces 44 and 144, so as to separate the superior plate 18 from the inferior plate 20 along the transverse direction T. The ridges 182 a-182 d slide along respective inclined connection grooves 60 a, 160 a, 62 a, 162 a (not shown in the FIG. 7B). The flange 28 remains disposed in the slots 52, 54, 152, 154 during actuation of the implant 10 and provides additional stability against sheer when the implant 10 is expanded. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate the superior plate 18 separating from the inferior plate 20 along a transverse direction T while remaining generally parallel to each other. In other alternate embodiments, the implant can be configured to such that a lordotic or kyphotic distraction is achieved. For example, the threaded portions of the actuation member can be configured to cause one wedge member to translate at a faster rate compared to the other wedge member. In such an embodiment, when the implant 10 is expanded, the superior plate 18 will be angularly offset from the inferior plate 20.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 9A-9B, it should be appreciated that the implant 10 can be configured to be inserted into the intervertebral space 9 in a first orientation, and rotated to a second orientation after insertion into the intervertebral space. The implant body 13 can include the superior plate 18 and the inferior plate 20. Thus, the implant body 13 can further define the first bone contacting surface 32 and the second bone contacting surface 132 that is opposite the first bone contacting surface 32 along the transverse direction T. The implant body 13, and thus the implant 10, can further define a first side surface 55 a and a second side surface 55 b that is opposite the first side surface 55 a along the lateral direction A. The first side surface 55 a of the implant body 13 can be defined by the first side surface 33 a of the superior plate 18 and the first side surface 133 a of the inferior plate 20. Similarly, the second side surface 55 b of the implant body 13 can be defined by the second side surface 33 b of the superior plate 18 and the second side surface 133 b of the inferior plate 20.

The implant body 13, and thus the implant 10, can further include a first intermediate surface 57 a that extends from the first side surface 33 a, and thus from the first side surface 55 a, to the first bone contacting surface 32. Thus, the first intermediate surface 57 a can be defined by the superior plate 18. The first intermediate surface 57 a can be oblique to each of the first side surface 33 a and the first bone contacting surface 32. Thus, the first intermediate surface 57 a can be tapered toward the second side surface 33 b as it extends along the transverse direction T from the first side surface 33 a toward the first bone contacting surface 32. The first intermediate surface 57 a can be planar, or can define any suitable curvature or alternative non-planar geometry as desired. For instance, the first intermediate surface 57 a can be curved, or can comprise a plurality of segments that are curved segments or planar and extend from each other from the first side surface 55 a to the first bone contacting surface 32.

The first intermediate surface 57 a can define a first interface 59 a with the first side surface 33 a, and a second interface 59 b with the first bone contacting surface 32. The first and second interfaces 59 a and 59 b defined by the first intermediate surface 57 a can define any suitable shape as desired. For instance, the first interface 59 a can be a straight linear interface. The second interface 59 b can be a curved interface that extends along a curved path. For instance, the second interface 59 b can extend along a curved line. Alternatively, the second interface 59 b can extend along a curved path that can be partially defined by the texture 41 of the first end surface 32. In one example, the first bone contacting surface 32 can be curved as it extends along the longitudinal direction L. For instance, the first bone contacting surface 32 can be bowed, and thus can extend out in the transverse direction T as it extends from each of the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14 toward the other of the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14. Thus, the first bone contacting surface 32 can define a convex surface.

The first intermediate surface 57 a can define a midpoint 59 c with respect to the longitudinal direction L. The midpoint can be disposed midway between the opposed ends of the first intermediate surface 57 a along the longitudinal direction. In one example, the curved second interface 59 b can be symmetrical about the midpoint with respect to the longitudinal direction L. The first intermediate surface 57 a can define a distance from the linear first interface 59 a to the curved second interface 59 b at the midpoint along a direction normal to the first interface 59 a. The distance can be a maximum distance of the first intermediate surface 57 a along a plane that is defined by the transverse direction T and the lateral direction A. The distance can be within a range of 1 mm and 3 mm. Thus, the distance can be a percentage of the maximum width of the first bone contacting surface 32 along the lateral direction A. The percentage can be within the range of 8% and 38%.

The implant body 13, and thus the implant 10, can further include a second intermediate surface 57 b that extends from the second side surface 133 b, and thus from the second side surface 55 b of the implant 10, to the second bone contacting surface 132. Accordingly, the second intermediate surface 57 b can be defined by the inferior plate 20. The second intermediate surface 57 b can be oblique to each of the second side surface 133 b and the second bone contacting surface 132. Thus, the second intermediate surface 57 b can be tapered toward the first side surface 133 a as it extends along the transverse direction T from the second side surface 133 b toward the second bone contacting surface 132. The second intermediate surface 57 b can be planar, or can define any suitable curvature or alternative non-planar geometry as desired. For instance, the second intermediate surface 57 b can be curved, or can comprise a plurality of segments that are curved segments or planar and extend from each other from the second side surface 55 b to the second bone contacting surface 132.

The second intermediate surface 57 b can define a first interface 61 a with the second side surface 133 b, and a second interface 61 b with the second bone contacting surface 132. The first and second interfaces 61 a and 61 b defined by the second intermediate surface 57 b can define any suitable shape as desired. For instance, the first interface 61 a can be a straight linear interface. The second interface 61 b can be a curved interface. For instance, the second interface 61 b can extend along a curved line. Alternatively, the second interface 61 b can extend along a curved path that can be partially defined by the texture 41 of the first end surface 32. In one example, the second bone contacting surface 132 can be curved as it extends along the longitudinal direction L. For instance, the second bone contacting surface 132 can be bowed, and thus can extend out in the transverse direction T as it extends from each of the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14 toward the other of the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14. Thus, the second bone contacting surface 132 can define a convex surface.

The second intermediate surface 57 b can define a midpoint 61 c with respect to the longitudinal direction L. The midpoint 61 c can be disposed midway between the opposed ends of the second intermediate surface 57 b along the longitudinal direction L. In one example, the curved second interface 61 b can be symmetrical about the midpoint with respect to the longitudinal direction L. The second intermediate surface 57 b can define a distance from the linear interface to the curved interface at the midpoint along a direction normal to the linear interface. The distance can be a maximum distance of the second intermediate surface 57 b along a plane that is defined by the transverse direction T and the lateral direction A. The distance can be within a range of 1 mm and 3 mm. Thus, the distance can be a percentage of the maximum width of the first bone contacting surface 32 along the lateral direction A. The percentage can be within the range of 8% and 38%.

It should be appreciated that the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be mirror images of each other. Accordingly, the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be configured to simultaneously contact the superior vertebral body 2 and the inferior vertebral body 4, respectively, as will be described in more detail below. Further, the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be oriented parallel to each other. Thus, the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be planar. Alternatively, the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be curved. For instance, the first and second intermediate surfaces can define convex surfaces. The implant 10 can thus include one of the first and second an intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b at an interface of one side of first and second side surfaces 55 a and 55 b of the implant 10 and a respective one of the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132, and the other of the first and second side surfaces 55 a and 55 b of the implant 10 can extend to the other of the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132. The first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be diagonally opposite each other. The first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can each be offset in a rotational direction with respect to a midline of the implant 10 oriented in the transverse direction T in a view that is oriented in the insertion direction. For instance, the rotational direction can be a clockwise direction. That is, the first intermediate surface 57 a that adjoins the first bone contacting surface 32 can be offset to the right of the midline, and the second intermediate surface 57 b that adjoins the second bone contacting surface 132 can be offset to the left of the midline in a view that is oriented in the insertion direction. Thus, the implant 10 can be configured for clockwise rotation in the intervertebral space as described in more detail below. Alternatively, the rotational direction can be a counterclockwise direction. Thus, the implant 10 can be configured for counterclockwise rotation in the intervertebral space as described in more detail below. Alternatively still, the implant can define an intermediate surface at the interface of each of the first and second side surfaces 55 a and 55 b of the implant 10 and each of the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132.

Further, at least a portion of each of the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be smooth. That is, the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be devoid of surface texture that would tend to bite into the endplates of the first and second vertebral bodies 2 and 4, respectively. For instance, an entirety of the first intermediate surface 57 a can be smooth from the first side surface 133 a, and thus from the first side surface 55 a of the implant 10, to the first bone contacting surface 32. Further, an entirety of the second intermediate surface 57 b can be smooth from the second side surface 133 b, and thus from the second side surface 55 b of the implant 10, to the second bone contacting surface 132. As described above, the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 can be textured. The texture that extends from the first bone contacting surface 32 can be angled in a direction toward the trailing end 14 as it extends out from the first bone contacting surface 32. Similarly, the texture that extends from the second bone contacting surface 132 can be angled in a direction toward the trailing end 14 as it extends out from the first bone contacting surface 32. Thus, the texture can assist in retention of the implant in the intervertebral space and the prevention of backout.

Referring also to FIGS. 10A-10C, and as described above, the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 are movable away from each other from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration. For instance, the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 that are coupled between the first and second plates 18 and 20 are configured to translate away from each other so as to cause the implant 10 to move from the contracted configuration to the expanded configuration. The implant 10 can further include a stop member 63 disposed at one or both of the insertion end 12 and the trailing end 14. The stop member 63 is aligned with a respective one of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 along the longitudinal direction. For instance, the stop member 63 can project radially out with respect to the threaded shaft 87. The stop member 63 is configured and positioned to abut the respective one of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 when the implant 10 is in the expanded configuration. The abutment between the stop member 63 and the respective one of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 prevents the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 from moving further away from each other, and thus prevents the first and second plates 18 and 20 from further moving away from each other.

In accordance with one embodiment, the stop member 63 can be threadedly attached to the threaded shaft 87, though it should be appreciated that the stop member 63 can be attached to the threaded shaft 87 in accordance with any suitable alternative embodiment. Alternatively, the stop member 63 can be monolithic with the threaded shaft 87. The stop member 63 can be positioned such that the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 are each disposed between one end of the threaded shaft 87 and the stop member 63. The stop member 63 can be disposed outboard of the implant body with respect to the longitudinal direction L.

Referring now also to FIGS. 11A-11D, a method is provided for inserting the intervertebral implant 10 into the intervertebral space 9 defined between the first vertebral body 2 and the second vertebral body 4. The method can include the steps of inserting the intervertebral implant 10 into the intervertebral space 9, such that the first side surface 55 a of the intervertebral implant 10 abuts the first vertebral body 2. For instance, both first side surfaces 33 a and 133 a can abut the first vertebral body 2. The intervertebral implant 10 can also be inserted into the intervertebral space 9 such that the second side surface 55 b of the intervertebral implant 10 abuts the second vertebral body 4. For instance, both second side surfaces 33 b and 133 b can abut the second vertebral body 4. In one example, the intervertebral implant 10 is inserted into the intervertebral space 9 in the collapsed configuration. The method can further include the step of rotating the intervertebral implant in the direction of rotation about an axis of rotation. For instance, the axis of rotation can be defined by the implant axis 1. The step of rotating can bring the first intermediate surface 57 a into contact with the first vertebral body 2, and the second intermediate surface 57 b into contact with the second vertebral body 4. The step of rotating can further include the step of substantially removing the first side surface 55 a of the implant 10 from abutment with the first vertebral body 2, and can further include the step of substantially removing the second side surface 55 b of the implant 10 from abutment with the second vertebral body 4.

The method can then include the step of further rotating the intervertebral implant 10 in the direction of rotation about the axis of rotation such that the first bone contacting surface 32 contacts the first vertebral body 2, and the second bone contacting surface 132 contacts the second vertebral body 4. As described above, the first intermediate surface 57 a extends from the first side surface 55 a of the implant 10 to the first bone contacting surface 32, and the second intermediate surface 57 b extends from the second side surface 55 b of the implant 10 to the second bone contacting surface 132. The step of further rotating can include the step of substantially removing the first intermediate surface 57 a of the implant 10 from abutment with the first vertebral body 2, and can further include the step of substantially removing the second intermediate surface 57 b from abutment with the second vertebral body 4.

The method can further include the step of expanding the intervertebral implant 10 from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration, after the further rotating step. When the implant 10 is in the collapsed configuration, the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 are spaced from each other a first distance in the transverse direction T.

When the implant 10 is in the expanded configuration, the first and second bone contacting surfaces 32 and 132 are spaced from each other a second distance in the transverse direction T that is greater than the first distance. Further, it is appreciated that the second distance is greater than a distance along the lateral direction A from the first side surface 55 a of the implant 10 to the second side surface 55 b of the implant 10. Thus, the second distance is greater than a distance along the lateral direction A from the first side surface 33 a to the second side surface 33 b. Further, the second distance is greater than a distance along the lateral direction A from the first side surface 133 a to the second side surface 133 b. Further, the second distance is greater than a distance between the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b when the implant 10 is in the collapsed configuration. It is appreciated that the distance between the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b is measured along a direction that includes both the lateral direction A and the transverse direction T. In one example, the distance between the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be measured along a line that is normal to the first and second intermediate surfaces. In another example, the distance between the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b can be measured along a line that extends through the midpoint of each of the first and second intermediate surfaces 57 a and 57 b. Accordingly, it is appreciated that the first and second vertebral bodies 2 and 4 do not need to be distracted to the second distance prior to insertion of the intervertebral implant 10 into the intervertebral space 9. Thus, the rotatable implant 10 allows the first and second vertebral bodies 2 and 4 to be distracted a distance less than the final expanded height of the implant along the transverse direction T.

As described above with respect to FIGS. 8A-8F, an insertion tool such as the insertion tool 100 or 300 as described above, can include a supporting end that is configured to be received in the indentations 98 and 99 of the implant 10. The supporting end can then be rotated in the direction of rotation so as to correspondingly perform the rotating steps and the further rotating steps. Next, the implant 10 can be expanded from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration in the manner described above. For instance, the handle can be rotatably coupled to the handle, such that rotation of the handle in the direction of rotation, causes the supporting end to rotate with the handle. Alternatively, the insertion tool can be constructed such that the supporting end is rotatable with respect to the handle. Thus, the supporting end can be rotated in the direction of rotation with respect to the handle so as to correspondingly cause the rotating and the further rotating steps. It should be further appreciated that the rotating and the further rotating steps can be performed in one continuous rotational motion.

As described above, the threaded shaft 87 is rotatable about a respective axis of rotation in an expansion direction so as to cause the implant 10 to expand from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration. The axis of rotation of the threaded shaft 87 can be coincident with the axis of rotation of the implant during the rotating and further rotating steps. Further, the expansion direction can be in the clockwise direction with respect to a view along the longitudinal direction L from the trailing and toward the insertion end of the implant 10. Alternatively, the expansion direction can be in the counterclockwise direction so as to cause the implant 10 to expand from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration. As described above, the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 move away from each other as the threaded shaft rotates to expand the implant 10. The threaded shaft 87 can be rotated until one of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24 abuts the stop member 63, which prevents further rotation of the threaded shaft in the expansion direction. The threaded shaft 87 is rotatable in a contraction direction opposite the expansion direction so as to cause the wedge members 22 and 24 to move toward each other, thereby moving the plates 18 and 20 toward each other in a direction from the expanded position toward the collapsed configuration.

Referring to FIGS. 12-14B, in accordance with, the alternative embodiment implant 110, the superior and inferior plates 18 and 20, and specifically the interior include opposing depressions 49, 149 extending from the lumens 30, 131, toward the opposing ends 12, 14 of the implant. The first and second members 22 and 24 may include projecting tabs 120, 121, 122, and 123 (tab 121 not shown) protrude from the inclined surfaces 277 and 278 of the first and second wedge members 22 and 24. Further, the actuation member 226 can have a shorter length compared to actuation member 26 described above. Otherwise, the implant 110 shown in FIGS. 12-14B is similarly configured to implant 10.

Referring the FIGS. 13A-13C, the depressions 79 include a first 49A and a second depression 49B extending from the first and second ramp surfaces 44 and 46 along the transverse direction T. The depressions 49A, 49B define a shoulders Ma, 51 b, 53 a, 53 b, against which a portion the wedge members 22 and 24 shoulder against when the implant is expanded.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method of inserting and expanding for inserting an expandable implant into an intervertebral space. The patient the intervertebral space 9 is prepared using familiar techniques. One or more trial implants may be used to determine the appropriate size of the implant 10. Using the tool 100 (FIG. 8A), the expandable implant can be clasped between the tabs 101 and 102. Next, the expandable implant 10 is inserted into the intervertebral space 9 at the appropriate position between the vertebral bodies using a unilateral and/or bilateral posterior approach or an anterior approach. Next, a tool 350 having configured to engage the opening 90 the actuation member 26 can be used to actuate. Rotating the tool 350 and actuation member 26 causes the actuating member 26 to separate the opposed wedge members 22 and 24 along the longitudinal direction L simultaneously, thereby causing the first plate to separate from the second plate along the second direction such that the first plate is parallel to the second plate during the expanding step.

In accordance with an alternative embodiment, the method of insertion and expansion can use a tool 300 shown in FIG. 8C-8F. For instance, the tool 300 can clasp the implant 10 by inserting the tool tabs 312 and 314 into the implant indentations 98 and 99. The rotation member 318 can be slid into engagement with the actuation member 26. The tool 300 can be used to insert the implant into the intervertebral space 9. When the implant 10 is in the appropriate position, the rotation member 318 can be rotated, which rotates the actuation member 26 such that the implant is expanded to the desired expansion height.

Although the disclosure has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from that processes, machines, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. 

What is claimed:
 1. An expandable implant for insertion in an intervertebral space defined between a first vertebral body and a second vertebral body, the implant comprising: a first bone contacting surface and a second bone contacting surface opposite the first bone contacting surface along a transverse direction; an insertion end and a trailing end opposite the insertion end along a longitudinal direction that is perpendicular to the transverse direction; first and second side surfaces opposite each other along a lateral direction that is perpendicular to both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction; a first intermediate surface that extends from the first side surface to the first bone contacting surface, wherein the first intermediate surface is smooth and oblique to each of the first side surface and the first bone contacting surface; and a second intermediate surface that extends from the second side surface to the second bone contacting surface, wherein the second intermediate surface is smooth and oblique to each of the first side surface and the first bone contacting surface, wherein the first and second bone contacting surfaces are movable away from each other from a collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration.
 2. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second intermediate surfaces are mirror images of each other.
 3. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second intermediate surfaces are parallel to each other.
 4. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the first intermediate surface defines a straight linear interface with the first side surface, and a curved interface with the first bone contacting surface.
 5. The expandable implant as recited in claim 4, wherein the first intermediate surface defines a midpoint with respect to the longitudinal direction, wherein the curved interface is symmetrical about the midpoint.
 6. The expandable implant as recited in claim 5, wherein the second intermediate surface defines a straight linear interface with the second side surface, and a curved interface with the second bone contacting surface
 7. The expandable implant as recited in claim 6, wherein the second intermediate surface defines a midpoint with respect to the longitudinal direction, wherein the curved interface of the second intermediate surface is symmetrical about the midpoint of the second intermediate surface.
 8. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the first intermediate surface is tapered toward the second side surface as it extends from the first side surface toward the first bone contacting surface, and the second intermediate surface is tapered toward the first side surface as it extends from the second side surface toward the second bone contacting surface.
 9. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second bone contacting surfaces are textured.
 10. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the first and second intermediate surfaces are spaced apart a first distance when the implant is in the collapsed configuration, the first and second bone contacting surfaces are spaced apart a second distance when the implant is in the expanded configuration, and the second distance is greater than the first distance.
 11. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, further comprising: first and second plates that define the first and second bone contacting surfaces, respectively; a first wedge member and a second wedge member spaced from the first wedge member along the longitudinal direction, the first and second wedge members coupled between the first and second plates, wherein the first and second wedge members are configured to translate away from each other so as to cause the implant to move from the contracted configuration to the expanded configuration; and a stop member disposed at one of the insertion and trailing ends, the stop member configured to abut a respective one of the first and second wedge members so as to prevent the first and second plates from further moving away from each other.
 12. The expandable implant as recited in claim 11, further comprising an actuation member that includes a threaded shaft that is threadedly coupled to each of the first and second wedge members, wherein rotation of the threaded shaft causes the first and second wedge members to translate along the longitudinal direction, wherein the stop member projects radially out with respect to the threaded shaft.
 13. The expandable implant as recited in claim 1, wherein the stop member is threaded onto the threaded shaft.
 14. A method for inserting an intervertebral implant into an intervertebral space defined between a first vertebral body and a second vertebral body, the method comprising: inserting the intervertebral implant into the intervertebral space, such that a first side surface of the intervertebral implant abuts the first vertebral body, and a second side surface of the intervertebral implant abuts the second vertebral body; rotating the intervertebral implant in a direction of rotation about an axis of rotation such a first intermediate surface oblique to the first side surface contacts the first vertebral body, and a second intermediate surface oblique to the second side surface contacts the second vertebral body; further rotating the intervertebral implant in the direction of rotation about the axis of rotation such that a first bone contacting surface contacts the first vertebral body, and a second bone contacting surface contacts the second vertebral body, wherein the first intermediate surface extends from the first side surface to the first bone contacting surface, and the second intermediate surface extends from the second side surface to the second bone contacting surface; and expanding the intervertebral implant from a collapsed configuration whereby the first and second bone contacting surfaces are spaced from each other a first distance, to an expanded configuration whereby the first and second bone contacting surfaces are spaced from each other a second distance greater than the first distance.
 15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the expanding step comprises achieving the second distance greater than a distance between the first and second intermediate surfaces when the implant is in the collapsed configuration.
 16. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the expanding step further comprises rotating a threaded shaft about a respective axis of rotation so as to cause the implant to move from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration.
 17. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the step of rotating the threaded shaft further comprises causing first and second wedge members to move away from each other toward a stop member that prevents further rotation of the threaded shaft in the expansion direction.
 18. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein the axis of rotation of the threaded shaft is coincident with the axis of rotation during the rotating step and the further rotating step.
 19. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the first rotating step comprises substantially removing the first and second side surfaces from contact with the first and second vertebral bodies, respectively, and bringing the first and second intermediate surfaces into surface contact with the first and second vertebral bodies, respectively.
 20. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the further rotating step comprises substantially removing the first and second intermediate surfaces from contact with the first and second vertebral bodies, respectively, and bringing the first and second bone contacting surfaces into surface contact with the first and second vertebral bodies, respectively. 